铁的氧化物有三种,分别是FeO、Fe2O3和Fe3O4。氧化亚铁相对分子质量为72,密度为5.7克/厘米3,是黑色粉末状固体,可以与酸反应生成二价铁和水。
氧化亚铁
氧化亚铁不稳定,在空气中加热时迅速被氧化成四氧化三铁,溶于盐酸、稀硫酸生成亚铁盐。不溶于水,不与水反应。
氧化亚铁反应的离子方程式为:FeO+2H+=Fe2++H2O
氧化铁
氧化铁别名三氧化二铁、铁红(铁锈主要成分)、铁丹。氧化铁是红棕色粉末,为一种低级颜料,工业上称氧化铁红,用于油漆、油墨、橡胶等工业中。氧化铁可做催化剂和玻璃、宝石、金属的抛光剂,氧化铁和CO反应炼制生铁。
四氧化三铁
四氧化三铁具磁性又名磁性氧化铁。四氧化三铁难溶于水,溶于酸,不溶于碱,也不溶于乙醇、乙醚等有机溶剂。但是天然的Fe3O4不溶于酸。
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