定积分是积分的一种,是函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上积分和的极限。求定积分主要的方法有分部积分法和换元积分法。分部积分法是由微分的乘法法则和微积分基本定理推导而来的。它的主要原理是将不易直接求结果的积分形式,转化为等价的易求出结果的积分形式的。
分部积分法
设u=u(x),v=v(x)均在区间[a,b]上可导,且u′,v′∈R([a,b]),则有分部积分公式:
换元积分法
如果
(1)
(2)x=ψ(t)在[α,β]上单值、可导;
(3)当α≤t≤β时,a≤ψ(t)≤b,且ψ(α)=a,ψ(β)=b,则
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